Common Style Guidelines The Chicago Manual of Style has pages of rules and examples of bullet lists that agree with the Garner style recommendation to use semicolons after each item, use and after the next-to-last-item, and use a period at the end of the last item. Numbered lists (as noted on p. 64 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) can be used to denote items in a series, such as conclusions or procedural steps. AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. Lowercase indefinite and definite articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. If you have questions, read our. A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. This is a tricky one for me because, personally, I agree with you. Another easy decision. They are also written without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon).9. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. . Sixth and Seventh streets). AP style of writing: a comprehensive guide | AP style guide - Writer If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. If all else fails, when it comes to accepting AP style: Just do it. This is another case where there are no hard rules! Editorial Style Guide | Identity | Drexel University AP Stylebook Online builds on everything that's in the print Stylebook, and makes it a more comprehensive, convenient resource. The individual list items following the complete sentence are usually lowercased if they arent complete sentences themselves. AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. The MLA's guidelines for styling vertical lists are derived from The Chicago Manual of Style (6.127-132). A: Lowercase for post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, hepatitis C, etc. The first option is to use no punctuation after the bulleted items (including the final one), which may be better when the items are shorter and simpler. AP Style Quick Guide - ProofreadingPal Capitalize major words, e.g. 'I hope this email finds you well:' Emailing During the Pandemic, Business Grammar: Pronoun Antecedent Errors, Use a period or other full stop after every bullet that is a sentence. You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. It is intended as a guide to common PR Team style and . A: AP lowercases civil rights movement. First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . Associated Press Stylebook Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. "The cat's toy" means one cat owns that toy. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading. See The MLA Style Center for more information. Sorry to pile on here, but your discussion of verb endings is inadequate. How to Capitalize and Punctuate Bullet Points - LinkedIn A: Use Arabic figures to indicate decades of history: the 1920s, the '80s Figures, numerals, dimensions (7-year-old boy; three years ago; 1 percent; third grade; size 9; 6-by-8-foot rug; 5 ounces; 68,000-square-foot facility). A: In this instance, use a plural verb. Bachelor of Arts is capitalized as an academic degree, as are B.A. Chicago Style is one of the most used and respected headline capitalization methods used in journalism. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. The stylebook uses italics for examples only. And if so, when? Recently, we looked at how to write run-in lists, which are lists that appear inside sentences. Title case is the most common form of title and headline capitalization and is found in all four major title capitalization styles. To see what I mean, read the lead-in word or phrase then read the first item on the list. In business writing, yes, use a colon at the end of the introductory stem sentence. 7 Tips for Writing Powerful Bullet Points | Grammarly A: The phrase suggests a contingency unlikely to come true, so use "were" for the subjunctive mood. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. . We could also write this list with commas instead of semicolons. The art instructor assigned three projects for the spring semester: 2. Theyre easy to read. Alternatively, you can use our tool to convert text from lowercase to uppercase by clicking the UPPER button. Learn more about how to write better bullet lists. Capitalization Begin each item in a list with a capital letter unless there's a reason not to (for example, it's a command that's always lowercase). Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase." This is clear, but AP doesn't fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. Bulleted lists are covered in Section 6.52 of the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition. Example: There are anumber of tags used in HTML, including: RULE: Its not necessary to use periods after short phrases or single words in alist, if the introductory statement is grammatically complete (see below) or if the listed items are like those on an inventory sheet or ashopping list. Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. If you left caps lock on accidentally, you can quickly convert your title from uppercase to lowercase by selecting the lower button above. Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists Topics: Writer's Passport, Writing & Editing. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. The first word after a colon unless it begins an independent clause. Bulleted Lists: Capitalization and Punctuation By Judy Vorfeld Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. (Just like this bullet list youre reading now.). Checking consistency in numbered lists and bulleted lists. | PerfectIt Write it. Should the first letter of the bullet list be capitalized? But if you're following AP style, chances are you're overusing those big letters. My name is Erin. I like apples. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . And if youd like any more help with the punctuation and capitalization of lists in a document, dont forget we have proofreaders available 24/7! Do it anyway. The capitalization rules are as follows: Wikipedia editors must follow certain capitalization rules for any posts to Wikipedia. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream Cite it. But if youre following AP style, chances are youre overusing those big letters. always refer to the style guide and doublecheck capitalization recommendations. That order can be based on rank (e.g., a list of most favorite to least favorite foods) or sequence (e.g., recipe instructions). in Composition and Rhetoric from the University of New Hampshire. If the elements are complex, uses commas for all. When writing an argumentative essay, you would typically research a topic and adopt a certain How to Punctuate and Capitalize Bullet Points. Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Stay with us.". A: corporate (adj.) Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, APA style, Chicago style, formatting, grammar, MLA style, punctuation. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? Dont use a period after bullet lists that are not complete sentences or do not complete the opening stem sentence. If you feel punctuation does not matter, consider the impact of punctuation in these bullet lists: 2023 Instructional SolutionsRefund Policy | Terms | Privacy Policy. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. Bulleted lists - American Psychological Association Geography, addresses (state names, regions: Mideast; Northwest; northeast Minnesota; 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.; Fifth Avenue ). Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Bulleted lists allow a writer to create a list that stands out from the text without the implied chronology or order of importance that a numbered list might convey. Creating Vertical Lists in MLA Style | MLA Style Center social connection, in which people text as a way to connect with others; escapism, in which people text to get away from dull or uncomfortable situations such as waiting in line; distraction, in which people text to distract themselves while having a conversation with someone or being in a meeting; audacity, in which people text to get a response from someone, such as to break up with them or ask them on a date; nurturing, in which people text to foster relationships by saying things like good morning or I love you; and. Semicolon Use in Lists A properly inserted semicolon helps to provide pause and clarifying separation in sentences. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Q: Great Depression is capitalized and so is American Revolution. A colon adds emphasis, too. This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. The bullets indicate that I like apples, bananas, and oranges equally. Judy Vorfeld Oppress means to persecute/tyrannize/bully. The top tabs allow you to select which style of capitalization you want to use. Avoid a mix. Q: If using "member of Congress" instead of congressman/congresswoman, should "member" be capitalized? AP has a few punctuation rules that differ from many common style guides: Do not use a comma before the last item in a simple series ("My favorite candy includes Snickers, Twix and Zagnut bars."). Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. Ordered lists can be introduced by a complete or incomplete sentence and are typically prefaced by numbers1 or letters2 followed by a period. If nothing else, your writing will be consistent. Bulleted lists. Please list your allergies and give date of last flare-up. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. A: AP lowercases those descriptive titles. In APA 7, you have two options for punctuating bulleted phrases: to include no punctuation after each list item and after the last list item or to include commas or semicolons, as appropriate, after each list item and final punctuation at the end of the list. A: In a simple series, AP doesn't use a comma before the last item. Handling Vertical Lists | Get It Write Online in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. Others, like the Chicago Manual of Style, suggest lowercasing it. Bullet point structure Don't mix and match sentence structures. Bullets Associated Press style is to use dashes, not bullets, for lists that follow a colon. The 10 most common grammar & AP Style mistakes, plus the importance of Lower is default; upper is special. AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets - My Blog Editor Grammar (essential vs. nonessential clauses; pronouns; subject-verb agreement ), Q: I'm confused on the use of "that" and "who" when talking about groups. The following examples demonstrate both options as well as how to integrate in-text citations into bulleted lists.
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