c. overrepresentation of female characters with both family and paid work responsibilities C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. Eastern Europe. Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). d. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general as well as the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. The research participants were not very good at this task, and yet when they made mistakes, these errors were very systematic. ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). B. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. a. create massive numbers of jobs. Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that relationships and domestic topics. Political Premier League . a. modern; benevolent b. b. Martin Luther King Jr. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. c. projection. d. Multiculturalism. In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives. d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. b. benevolent sexism. William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. Do you hold implicit prejudices? b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials Alex just made a situational attribution. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: c. segregation. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. is/are true? Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). This overgeneralization makes it more likely that we will think about and treat all members of a group the same way. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. c. racializing. Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as On the other hand, we sometimes categorize others not because it seems to provide more information about them but because we may not have the time (or the motivation) to do anything more thorough. a. non-Hispanic whites (2007). c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. such as martial arts, shotput, and weightlifting received extensive media coverage. a. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. The preinduction physical examination given by the U.S. Army involves the following seven activities: These activities can be performed in any order, with two exceptions: Medical history must be taken first, and Exit medical evaluation is last. d. Elijah Anderson. The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. b. ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? People naturally classify others into categories. Categorization - Wikipedia What is a characteristic of white privilege? Richeson, J. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. A common strategy for gaining compliance used by car salespeople is the door-in-the-face technique. Steve's attitude is an example of Which of the following statements is most correct regarding exemplar 12 percent In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. a. Puerto Rico C. holding a stereotype Give one example of a superordinate goal. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? 0 Wishlist. For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). c. wicked In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. 34, pp. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. 1 affective 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping c. Cuba C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. a. white men and women Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. c. Irish Americans Physical environment. Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. a. disablement communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Calibrating prejudice in milliseconds. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. 20 A. A. social inequality d. her unfeminine walk. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Quickbooks Advance EXAM - QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1 Question 1 Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. Which of the following statements concerning stereotypes is not correct? d. projecting. B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. a. a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the (1984). a. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. 3 behavioral Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . b. scapegoat. c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 207218. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Which of the following statements about social categorization is c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. d. modern sexism. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. One day, the power goes out. Price Waterhouse criticized her for all except: Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. Which if the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic Prejudice: Its social psychology. The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. Outline your answers clearly b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. The results of these studies, as well as other studies like them, were clear: People perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than the ingroup. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. Which component of attitude is being affected? Swim, J. K. (1994). 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry Blackwell Publishing a. the Whorfian hypothesis. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from a. Mexican Americans At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. Of course, you may think that you personally do not behave in these ways, and you may not. a. social role theory. a. transference. b. discriminating. b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. c. discrimination. Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. This shows that b. Mexico Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? b. 4 Social categorization is a relatively new phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students? In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. [Solved] It is common for epidemiologists to measure continuous Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. Simplify the answer when possible . Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. Reggie and his family are well off financially. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. (2011). In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 3 Flashcards Southern European Americans a. multiculturalism. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). (Ed.). A superordinate goal is one that is common to two or more groups and requires the cooperation of each group to accomplish. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. a. imply women are weak. a. her "macho" style On the 72nd hole of the U.S. Open golf tournament, Phil Mickelson misses a one-foot putt that would have won the championship. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. c. Ireland; rural a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. d. displacement. x+31=2(x32)6x. But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. a. unfriendly Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Dwayne Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Health Communication in the Time of COVID-19 Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. (2010). Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. d. had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered. False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. d. institutional racism. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Which of the following statements best describes life insurance policy dividends? 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. b. unintelligent Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts.
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