Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Moreover, True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on /F1 6 0 R A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Best information base for latest information both national and international. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. 6 0 obj Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. %PDF-1.5 Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . History of federal system of government in nigeria. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. >> Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. It is our pleasure. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Your email address will not be published. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. What is federalism? Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. . To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. /F2 9 0 R It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. (Tanzi, 1996). It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". >> If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. /F4 15 0 R The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. 7 Topics . |4-Iv He rejects the assertion that Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. 7. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz You are already subscribed to our newsletter! I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. /Type /XObject /Parent 2 0 R More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character Adobe d C V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Nigeria: A Federation in Search of Federalism This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. British North American colonies unite 3 Up to 1867, the colonies 4 of British North America had no political or geographical links. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T.